Is There a Meaning in This Text? Review
The Basics of In-Text Commendation | Explanation & Examples
An in-text citation is a short acknowledgement you include whenever y'all quote or take data from a source in academic writing. Information technology points the reader to the source so they can come across where you got your information.
In-text citations most usually have the class of brusque parenthetical statements indicating the author and publication twelvemonth of the source, besides as the page number if relevant.
We too offer a gratuitous citation generator and in-depth guides to the chief citation styles.
Go to APA examplesGo to MLA examplesGo to Chicago examples
What are in-text citations for?
The betoken of an in-text citation is to show your reader where your data comes from. Including citations:
- Avoids plagiarism by acknowledging the original author'south contribution
- Allows readers to verify your claims and exercise follow-up research
- Shows y'all are engaging with the literature of your field
Academic writing is seen as an ongoing conversation amid scholars, both within and between fields of study. Showing exactly how your own enquiry draws on and interacts with existing sources is essential to keeping this conversation going.
When do you need an in-text citation?
An in-text commendation should be included whenever you quote or paraphrase a source in your text.
Quoting ways including the original writer's words directly in your text. Quotes should e'er be cited (and indicated with quotation marks), and you should include a page number indicating where in the source the quote tin can exist found.
Paraphrasing means putting information from a source into your own words. In-text citations are just as of import here as with quotes, to avert the impression yous're taking credit for someone else'due south ideas. Include page numbers where possible, to show where the information can exist plant.
All the same, to avoid over-commendation, bear in heed that some information is considered common knowledge and doesn't need to be cited. For example, you don't need a citation to prove that Paris is the capital city of France, and including one would exist distracting.
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Types of in-text citation
Different types of in-text commendation are used in different commendation styles. They always direct the reader to a reference list giving more consummate information on each source.
Author-date citations (used in APA, Harvard, and Chicago author-date) include the author's last name, the year of publication, and a folio number when available. Writer-page citations (used in MLA) are the same except that the yr is not included.
Both types are divided into parenthetical and narrative citations. In a parenthetical citation, the writer's name appears in parentheses along with the rest of the information. In a narrative citation, the author's name appears equally part of your judgement, non in parentheses.
| Parenthetical commendation | Narrative citation | |
|---|---|---|
| Author-date (APA) | The treatment proved highly effective (Smith, 2018, p. 11). | Smith states that the treatment was highly effective (2018, p. 11). |
| Author-folio (MLA) | The handling proved highly effective (Smith 11). | Smith states that the handling was highly effective (11). |
Notation: Footnote citations like those used in Chicago notes and bibliography are sometimes also referred to as in-text citations, but the commendation itself appears in a note separate from the text.
Often asked questions about in-text citations
- What is an in-text citation?
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An in-text citation is an acknowledgement you lot include in your text whenever you quote or paraphrase a source. It usually gives the author's terminal name, the year of publication, and the page number of the relevant text. In-text citations allow the reader to expect up the full source information in your reference list and see your sources for themselves.
- When do I need to cite sources?
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At college level, y'all must properly cite your sources in all essays, research papers, and other bookish texts (except exams and in-course exercises).
Add a commendation whenever you quote, paraphrase, or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give total source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.
The verbal format of your citations depends on which citation style you lot are instructed to utilise. The most common styles are APA, MLA, and Chicago.
- Which citation style should I use?
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Check if your academy or course guidelines specify which citation style to use. If the choice is left up to y'all, consider which way is most commonly used in your field.
- APA Style is the most popular commendation style, widely used in the social and behavioral sciences.
- MLA mode is the 2nd most pop, used mainly in the humanities.
- Chicago notes and bibliography way is also popular in the humanities, especially history.
- Chicago writer-engagement style tends to exist used in the sciences.
Other more specialized styles exist for certain fields, such as Bluebook and OSCOLA for law.
The most important affair is to cull one style and use information technology consistently throughout your text.
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